GWTC-4.0: Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Gravitational-wave Transients

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae447b

GWTC-4.0: Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Gravitational-wave Transients

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration

Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)
LIGO Hanford
Universit di Salerno
Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo
University of Warwick
Pennsylvania State University
Leibniz Universit t Hannover
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
California Institute of Technology
Louisiana State University
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
Université Catholique de Louvain
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India
Queen Mary University of London
Sejong University
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
University of the West of Scotland
Universit di Roma Tor Vergata
Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata
Universiteit Antwerpen
International Centre for Theoretical Sciences
University College Dublin
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Friedrich-Schiller-Universit t Jena
INFN Sezione di Torino
University of Glasgow
University of Western Australia
Université de Savoie
Cardiff University
Australian National University
LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Maastricht University
Nikhef
Institut Fresnel
Université Paris-Saclay
The University of Tokyo
Universitat de Barcelona
Campus UAB
Gran Sasso Science Institute
University of Florida
Università di Udine
Sezione di Trieste
Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias
Université Côte d'Azur
Sezione di Perugia
Dipartimento di Fisica
University of Washington
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott
California State University Fullerton
Villanova University
Sezione di Genova
Universit Degli Studi di Genova
University of Strathclyde
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO)
Georgia Institute of Technology
Royal Holloway, University of London
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
Universit Degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo'
Sezione di Firenze
LIGO Livingston
Sezione di Roma
Universit di Roma 'La Sapienza'
Université de Strasbourg
APC - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
King's College London
Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information
Université Libre de Bruxelles
Osaka University
Utrecht University
University of Portsmouth
University of Oregon
Syracuse University
Northwestern University
Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana"
RMKI
Concordia University Wisconsin
Universit t Hamburg
Stanford University
Universit di Pisa
Sezione di Pisa
Universit di Perugia
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia
INFN
Institute for Plasma Research
Universiteit Gent
Polish Academy of Sciences
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
Universitat de les Illes Balears
Universit di Siena
RRCAT
Kenyon College
Missouri University of Science and Technology
Colorado State University
VU University Amsterdam
Lomonosov Moscow State University
KU Leuven
Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications
Rochester Institute of Technology
Bar-Ilan University
University of British Columbia
University of Adelaide
CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Institut FOTON - UMR6082
University of Birmingham
Washington State University Pullman
Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Sorbonne Université
Christopher Newport University
University of Melbourne
Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University
University of Maryland, College Park
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca
Sezione di Milano Bicocca
Université de Toulouse
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
University of Chicago
University of Arizona
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
INFN - Laboratori Nazionali Del Sud (LNS)
Niels Bohr Institutet
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali
Universitat de Val ncia
National Cheng Kung University
National Tsing Hua University
National Central University
Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga
Vanderbilt University
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
University of Texas at Austin
Cornell University
Northeastern University
Monash University
Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova
Swinburne University of Technology
University of Rhode Island
Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera
Montana State University
Johns Hopkins University
University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Université de Liège
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università
INFN - Sezione di Bologna
University of Manitoba
Chennai Mathematical Institute
Università degli Studi di Sassari
Université de Normandie
Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire Caen
Università di Firenze
Universit di Parma
University of Sannio at Benevento
Marquette University
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Mines Paris - PSL
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Tokyo Institute of Technology
NCBJ
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
University of Toyama
University of Toronto
University of Cambridge
Stony Brook University
Flatiron Institute
Montclair State University
Università di Trieste
Institute for Nuclear Research
Universidade do Minho
CPPM
CNR-SPIN
Università della Basilicata
Western Washington University
Barry University
Instituto Superior Técnico
Eötvös University
Osaka City University
California State University, Los Angeles
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
University of Zurich
Université du Mans
University of Szeged
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
Wuhan University
University of California Riverside
Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham
Ariel University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
University of Mississippi
Academia Sinica, Institute Of Physics
Universities Space Research Association
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese University of Hong Kong
American University
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Fukuoka University
University of California, Berkeley
Lancaster University
Nihon University
Niigata University
Tamkang University
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Chungnam National University
Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
Peking University
Aoyama Gakuin University
Services and Estate Management
University of Białystok
University of Southampton
Sungkyunkwan University
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
Chung-Ang University
University of Washington Bothell
Aix-Marseille Université
Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo
Ewha Womans University
Seoul National University
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Bard College
Institute of Mathematics of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Jagiellonian University
Nagoya University
Université de Montréal/Polytechnique
IISER-Kolkata
Texas Tech University
Inje University
Univ Gustave Eiffel
National Center for High-Performance Computing Taiwan
NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Universitaet Heidelberg
Tongji University
Columbia University
ICREA
Tokyo City University
Tsinghua University
University of Canterbury
University of Amsterdam
Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques
Ryukoku University
University of Notre Dame
Phenikaa University
University of Stavanger
Hiroshima University
Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg
Observatoire de Paris Meudon
National Institute for Mathematical Sciences
The Open University of Japan
University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Yonsei University
Universidad de Guadalajara
Hobart and William Smith Colleges
Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”
Universit Degli Studi Roma Tre
IN2P3—IMT Atlantique—Nantes Université
Universidad de Antioquia
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
National Institute of Technology
University of Ferrara
Toho University
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar
Laboratoire MSME
University of Tsukuba
Chapman University
Osaka Institute of Technology
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)
Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati
ENS-PSL Research University
Frankfurt Univ.
INAF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Bologna
Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"
Kyoto University
Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics
Carleton College, USA
Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia dell'Università
National Defense Academy of Japan
Texas A&M University
Eindhoven University of Technology
The University of Utah
Beijing Normal University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Original language	English
Article number	L21
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	1004
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae447b
State	Published - Jun 20 2026
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Keywords

Gravitational wave astronomy (675)
Gravitational wave detectors (676)
Gravitational wave sources (677)
Neutron stars (1108)
Stellar mass black holes (1611)

Access to Document

10.3847/2041-8213/ae447b

Cite this

@article{64271a7236364fbd8d774b4ff6fba85e,

title = "GWTC-4.0: Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Gravitational-wave Transients",

keywords = "Gravitational wave astronomy (675), Gravitational wave detectors (676), Gravitational wave sources (677), Neutron stars (1108), Stellar mass black holes (1611)",

author = "\{The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration\} and Abac, \{A. G.\} and I. Abouelfettouh and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and S. Adhicary and D. Adhikari and N. Adhikari and Adhikari, \{R. X.\} and Adkins, \{V. K.\} and S. Afroz and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and \{Aghaei Abchouyeh\}, M. and Aguiar, \{O. D.\} and S. Ahmadzadeh and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and S. Akcay and T. Akutsu and S. Albanesi and Alfaidi, \{R. A.\} and A. Al-Jodah and C. All{\'e}n{\'e} and A. Allocca and S. Al-Shammari and Altin, \{P. A.\} and S. Alvarez-Lopez and O. Amarasinghe and A. Amato and C. Amra and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, \{S. B.\} and Anderson, \{W. G.\} and M. Andia and M. Ando and T. Andrade and M. Andr{\'e}s-Carcasona and T. Andri{\'c} and J. Anglin and S. Ansoldi and Antelis, \{J. M.\} and S. Antier and M. Aoumi and Appavuravther, \{E. Z.\} and S. Appert and Apple, \{S. K.\} and K. Arai and A. Araya and M. Zanolin",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.",

year = "2026",

month = jun,

day = "20",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ae447b",

language = "English",

volume = "1004",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd.",

number = "2",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - GWTC-4.0

T2 - Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Gravitational-wave Transients

AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration

AU - Abac, A. G.

AU - Abouelfettouh, I.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adhicary, S.

AU - Adhikari, D.

AU - Adhikari, N.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Adkins, V. K.

AU - Afroz, S.

AU - Agarwal, D.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Aghaei Abchouyeh, M.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Ahmadzadeh, S.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Ajith, P.

AU - Akcay, S.

AU - Akutsu, T.

AU - Albanesi, S.

AU - Alfaidi, R. A.

AU - Al-Jodah, A.

AU - Alléné, C.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Al-Shammari, S.

AU - Altin, P. A.

AU - Alvarez-Lopez, S.

AU - Amarasinghe, O.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Amra, C.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Andia, M.

AU - Ando, M.

AU - Andrade, T.

AU - Andrés-Carcasona, M.

AU - Andrić, T.

AU - Anglin, J.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antelis, J. M.

AU - Antier, S.

AU - Aoumi, M.

AU - Appavuravther, E. Z.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Apple, S. K.

AU - Arai, K.

AU - Araya, A.

AU - Zanolin, M.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

PY - 2026/6/20

Y1 - 2026/6/20

KW - Gravitational wave astronomy (675)

KW - Gravitational wave detectors (676)

KW - Gravitational wave sources (677)

KW - Neutron stars (1108)

KW - Stellar mass black holes (1611)

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105042196208

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105042196208#tab=citedBy

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ae447b

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ae447b

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105042196208

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 1004

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L21

ER -

GWTC-4.0: Methods for Identifying and Characterizing Gravitational-wave Transients

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Keywords

Access to Document

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