Human-in-the-loop large language models for functional hazard assessment: A controlled RAG-based pipeline and evidence from a GPADS case study

Vitor H.O. Bourguignon; D. R. Pleffken; Guilherme C. Rocha; Joao S.D. Garcia

doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111313

Human-in-the-loop large language models for functional hazard assessment: A controlled RAG-based pipeline and evidence from a GPADS case study

Vitor H.O. Bourguignon
, D. R. Pleffken
, Guilherme C. Rocha
, Joao S.D. Garcia

Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Original language	English
Article number	111313
Journal	Results in Engineering
Volume	30
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111313
State	Published - Jun 2026
Externally published	Yes

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

General Engineering

Keywords

Aviation certification
Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA)
Human-in-the-loop
Large language models (LLMs)
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
System safety assessment

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10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111313

Cite this

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title = "Human-in-the-loop large language models for functional hazard assessment: A controlled RAG-based pipeline and evidence from a GPADS case study",

keywords = "Aviation certification, Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA), Human-in-the-loop, Large language models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), System safety assessment",

author = "Bourguignon, \{Vitor H.O.\} and Pleffken, \{D. R.\} and Rocha, \{Guilherme C.\} and Garcia, \{Joao S.D.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2026",

month = jun,

doi = "10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111313",

language = "English",

volume = "30",

journal = "Results in Engineering",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Human-in-the-loop large language models for functional hazard assessment

T2 - A controlled RAG-based pipeline and evidence from a GPADS case study

AU - Bourguignon, Vitor H.O.

AU - Pleffken, D. R.

AU - Rocha, Guilherme C.

AU - Garcia, Joao S.D.

PY - 2026/6

Y1 - 2026/6

KW - Aviation certification

KW - Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA)

KW - Human-in-the-loop

KW - Large language models (LLMs)

KW - Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)

KW - System safety assessment

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105040661868

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105040661868#tab=citedBy

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/341d0f4b-ddd5-3df3-aaad-ce58cb4f1938/

U2 - 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111313

DO - 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111313

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105040661868

SN - 2590-1230

VL - 30

JO - Results in Engineering

JF - Results in Engineering

M1 - 111313

ER -

Human-in-the-loop large language models for functional hazard assessment: A controlled RAG-based pipeline and evidence from a GPADS case study

ASJC Scopus Subject Areas

Keywords

Access to Document

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